Cultural teachers Essay

ethnical teachers are about people who intently or otherwise came and left with time. Its about come uponing and include interesting and less interesting characters who weaved some of my lifes cultural set. Its about friends who come and go in the passing of time and its them that shaped my individuality and identity. What ordinary people mostly get a line is non usually what my friends see in me. These people may see my exact diametric but it is only my friends who sees the real me. Before I met them, I had two sides of individuality- what I am and what I really am.But as my friends would say, there is zipper wrong with having two sides. What may be wrong is choosing a side and never show the other. The struggle of both sides was greatly handled by my friends. It was a capacious and difficult struggle but my friends helped me to end it in order for me to grow. Now that I nonplus grown up, I realized that without the help of my friends, I would fork over not lived any cult ural value up to now and I would have still remained a different person as before. As umteen would say, individuality has its own justification.If at some point ones individuality is questioned or criticized or discriminated against, so long as one does not interfere with other peoples lives nor deprive them of their own happiness, one owes nobody an explanation for what he does and for who he is. But through the critics of my friends, I was satisfactory to come up with the real me. And I salute them for making me the person I deserved to be. This experience can be linked to Geert Hofstedes individualism wherein no matter how everyone stand out in their choice, in whatever means of comparison still no one is different from everyone.Still you see the same differences with the person who may be sitting full next to you, getting his own share of lifes bittersweet moments. Inevitably, my enemies are my cultural teachers too. Yes, they are, in one way or another, but they dont necess arily be specific persons but besides things and situations that I perpetually regard as perpetual enemies such as cigarettes, junk foods, noisy places, heavy traffic, among others. They influenced us in all aspect of living.Somehow, my actions are being geared towards memory away from these enemies. I see them as hindrances from my actions to achieve my goals. My thoughts are greatly influenced as well. Since I think of them as interruptions and intrusions, I bleed to focus more on the things that will give me benefits instead. That is, showing my enemies that I am better off without them. Simply said, enemies challenge me to show off the best in me. Cultural values are also disrupted if youve got enemies. The enrichment and preservation of these values are corrupted.But I look at it as assessments on how to uphold the integrity of the values I believe in. My enemies trigger a more dispiriting affective experience. The more youre affected, the more they pushed you down. That i s why I pass sure enough to find a way to boost my morale by stepping up to the test. The action and behavior towards my enemies are matched with one of Hofstedes cultural dimensions, the Uncertainty Avoidance. Although an antagonist causes so much anxiety, there are still ways to reverse its impact.If I may say it, I spare myself from things that are highly distressing. In the same way I dispose all the negative results of having an enemy, and use it as a tool to avoid circumstances that could interrupt my living values and lifestyle. Lastly, my cultural values have been influenced mostly in school through my teachers. Acting mainly as my second parents, teachers are my sources of discernledge and advancement. I anticipate them educate me using morals and necessary subject matters for me to achieve a much-coveted diploma.Theyre with me in reaching the zenith of my ambitions through sharing the knowledge that they had acquired from years of studying. They helped me make a stand and defend my conviction. The values that I got from them have also helped me cope with my day-to-day concerns and they have influenced me a lot for they know whats right and wrong with things in life. Their language and conduct as well speak of a vast reservoir of knowledge and wisdom. As part of the youth, I tend to be very idealistic, sensitive and vulnerable, crying out all the injustices in this world with passion.I passed harsh judgments and lashed out at anyone easily who didnt meet my expectations. But as teachers, they have changed the way I perceive things in life. They have made me believe that I should try to have more patience, so that I could somehow balance things with intelligence and logic. Subconsciously, they have inculcated in me their own beliefs and principles without them knowing it. Without these mentors, I know I wouldnt be able to know anything at all. In short, I owe them almost everything, if not all, the things that I have learned in life.Considering th at I have been with my teachers for long years, I would in all probability be relating this to the Long-Term Orientation of Hofstede in his Cultural Dimensions. Teachers have done so many things through the years that I was still with them in school. They have not just stepped in to the classroom and painstakingly teach what I, as a student doesnt know academically but they have also left a legacy a legacy that not all can grasp. Reference Geert Hofsted ITIM (n. d. ). Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved September 18, 2008, from http//www. geert-hofstede. com/

Donald Trump Good Manager or Bad Manager Essay

1. Work Hard every speaker at every event like this, scarce the Don gives this much than the usual lip service. He essentially said that every cardinal he knew that made a cluster of money and was successful, worked 7 days a week. He suggested to the audience that if they indispensablenessed to succeed, they should be prep bed for 80 hour weeks for a long age.2. Love What You Do Another platitude, but he spoke ab forbidden this in a passionate way. He discourage the audience from joining or switching to a hot persistence or from going into consulting in favor of getting involved with an industry you love (antiques, baseball, marketing), even if that industry is not currently doing wellhead as a whole. His message was that you will perform so well in your imperfect industry that you will rise above the rest and end up being a star in the top 1% of that industries, but if you joined an industry you werent passionate about, youd end up in the 50th percentile of earners in tha t industry. He thought the pay in the top 1% of a crappy industry (in a job you love) would top the 50th percentile in a hot industry3. Know What You Do, Whatever industry you are in and whatever role you persist in that industry, work hard to become a world class smart in it. For example, if you are a macro manager in a security software company, he suggested that you should not meet focus on getting good at email marketing campaigns, but that you should become an expert in that security industry yourself, so that you sens communicate with all levels of people about the engineering science simply , so that you can have detailed conversations with analysts, so that you can write credible web log articles, so that you can explain the future competitive dynamics to potential investors, etc.4. Luck fit in to Don, The harder I work, the luckier I get. 5. Education A huge advantage that is expensive in the short run, but cheap in the long run. Dons perspective when asked about t he rising cost of education, If you think getting an education is expensive, try ignorance. 6. Management Donald fought the platitude pattern and said You want to be smarter than your people. He thought the notion that you should hire people smarter than you was a poor one. 7. Persistence He talked a lot about riding the ups and downs of the real estate market, losing everything, and coming back. He credited his success and the demise of umpteen of his competitors to being patient and persistent over long periods of time to wait out market fluctuations. This one might be more relevant to Donalds business than most, but still interesting. 8. Negotiation forever and a day do it face-to-face. In this era of telephones, teleconference, and video conference, Donald suggests that if its an important negotiation, you should do it face to face, so you can read the other persons body language.9. Middle men Donald is not a sports fan of middle men who do not add value and who extract ou tsized returns. He tells the yarn of how he goes around a broker on a billion dollar (thats the turn of events of zeros the Don deals in these days) deal where he was losing a negotiation and flew to Dubai to deal directly with the principal and strike a great deal. I must say, I liked this piece of advice. There are so many industries that have middle men filled with old boys clubs that take money out of your pocket. If you want a good example, try leasing some office space or dealing with a technology analyst.10. Marriage Marry someone who understands number 1 above and make sure to get a prenuptial agreement. Donald outgo may not be a jerk as the world makes him out to be. Although it may come as a surprise to most of America, Donald Trumps long time employees describe him as a strong moreover merciful leader. Trump is a far more righteous leader than he is given credit. Not only is he fair, when hes oblige to make a decision he thinks about it carefully, and just as he d oes on the show, Mr. Trump will contact the appropriate people whenever theres an unproductive or anti-productive issue to be resolved. If he werent a successful real estate developer.According to actual Donald Trump employees, hes very much like the man you see on the show, but hes also a man filled with genuine compassion beyond anything the cameras could ever show yet the media never picks up on the good press they always take the bad against him. Trumps employees say he works hard to keep his kindness out of the spotlight, but in fair play he is far more generous than his reputation would lead anyone to believe. On the season premiere of The Apprentice, a member of the winning team asked Donald about the story of a middle aged couple who halt to help when Donalds trusty limo broke down on a deserted course outside New York City. Trump showed genuine signs of humility as the contestant asked if he had really compensable off the mortgage on that helpful couples home after the y rescued him. close embarrassed, Trump admitted to the kind act, but most people refuse to believe this stern business top executive could ever show compassion beyond that of his immediate family and inner circle. So while this man would seem to be lost in most marketers, Donald has turned it into a lot of money and respect.Donald Trumps leadership style has turned The Apprentice into a powerful magnet for thousands of young entrepreneurs, many of whom credit Trump with teaching them important lessons for business success.

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a fatal and progressive thought discommode named after the German physician Alois Alzheimer who was the first person to describe it. This is an age-related and irreversible brain disorder which develops and progresses over time. It affects the part of the brain that controls the memory, language, and speech of a person. Early symptoms include for drumting things that just happened, and the symptoms will get worse as time passes by. For instance, nation with this disorder whitethorn forget their loved ones and may stupefy difficulty writing and reading.They may not know how to do their mundane routines such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. In the end, this disease will lead to severe and serious loss of mental function because of the breaking down and death of the brain neurons. This is a form of dementia that affects usually people 65 years of age and older. There are approximately five million Americans suffering from Alzheimers, and agree to surveys, this disease ranks number seven when it comes to the leading causes of death in the United States.The cure for Alzheimers has yet to be discovered, but there are treatments and medications that will enable to control, minimize, and slow down its advancement. Medicines for depression and hallucination that may occur as a result of the deterrence of an individuals mental faculties are besides made available. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four types of drugs that will help regulate the signs and tick its progression as much as possible. People with Alzheimers suffer from a deficiency of acetylcholine, which is a chemical involved in the communication of nerve cells.Cholinesterase is an inhibitor which functions to slow down the breakdown and destruction acetylcholine. It in addition produces more of these chemicals for cellular communication. Regular treatment will slow down the process impairment of a persons cognitive functions, and this is proven effective for individuals who have early symptoms of this disease. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Health Assistance Foundation. Common Alzheimers Treatments. Alzheimers sickness Research. 2009. http//www. ahaf. org/alzheimers/treatment/common/ (accessed July 31, 2009).Alzheimers Association. What is Alzheimers? Alzheimers Association. 2009. http//www. alz. org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers. asp (accessed (July 31, 2009). National work on Aging. Alzheimers Disease. Medline Plus. July 31, 2009. http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/alzheimersdisease. html (accessed July 31, 2009). What is Alzheimers Disease? . National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2009. http//www. ninds. nih. gov/disorders/alzheimersdisease/alzheimersdisease. htm (accessed July 31, 2009)

How Boys Become Men

How Boys Be seed Men The article How Boys Become Men written by Jon Katz, gives a positive statement on how boys dormant perk upnt change and ar still growing up the same. Jon Katz, shares with us while walking his dog one day, he saw a boy get beaten by a group of older boys. While walking towards him, Katz asked if he was okay the boy said yes and begun to swing like nothing happened. I believe that what Jon Katz states is true, because the fact is boys are ever so going to think theyre the Alpha Male in every situation.For example who commode climb the highest Rock, who thunder mug make a bigger splash in the pool or who can maybe get a girl consort first. From experience when hanging out with my brother and his guy friends, they always end up trying to compete against each other. In my opinion I think its funny the things they make each other do. One day we were every last(predicate) going as a family to hike at Great Falls, and my brother decided to bring his three closes guy friends, Mark, Anthony and Oscar. As we all began to hike the path, before you knew it the boys were all ready starting to race to the top.There was another time my friend Kevin and I, went to swimming in Lake Anna and he challenged me to jump from the highest rock into the water. As I finished jumping, I saw him already preparing to jump in as well. When he got out of the water, I saw that his foot had minor cuts and asked him if he was okay. He brushed off what I said, and said, lets go again Lastly, boys always melt to be strong and not let others know theyre hurting. This is what happened to my older brother as ferocious off his bike and hurt his knee, when he was ten years old. Another example were boys decide to be the Alpha Males, could be at the pool with their friends.Last summer my friend Ashley and her boyfriend decided to meet my friend Alex and I at the pool. Ashleys boyfriend seat, and my close friend Alex hit it of from the start. I saw that John did somethin g that Alex, in my opinion never had done before. Alex did the trick, that John dared him to do with out hesitating and hit his forking really unexpressed, (by looks of it) on the corncrake. Momentarily, they began swimming and Alex ignored the bump on his leg. Boys in my opinion never pauperism to show they are not up for a challenge. Every time my brothers friends come over, they always began playing around and see who is the strongest out of all of them.Or from what I see, they could also began to lift plastered objects and see who can throw them the farthest. Lastly, its not all about the who can be the amend rock climber or who is the strongest, scarcely maybe who can capture a girls heart first. I have seen this many times from boys who have lost friendships over the same girl they liked, only because they twain wanted to be with her. Sadly, only one gets the girl. This is were things get really hectic, and boys sometimes become foes, instead of friends. Boys practical ly get very competitive if they both want the same girl, bonnie like my brother did with his ex best friend, Joey.Also they never want to admit they lost, sometimes they simply say they didnt try hard enough. In conclusion, yes, boys want to be that strong, fearless, awesome guy that they have been taught mostly by, their parents or society. But just as Jon Katz says, they want love and understanding when things do not go right for them. Which is very homogeneous how girls are as well. Boys just tend not to show it, because of the pride they have or what they have gone through in their childhood. To sum it all up, boys are always going to be the same, but as they grow up they will learn how to deal with their insecurities in life.

Microsoft Recruiting Strategy

Those sight adapt faster to naked as a jaybird situation and hence solve problems much faster, and it is also unnecessary to antenna them their cooperate culture. Rule N minus 1 To progress the people busy and permanently ch everyenged. The HRS centering has developed a planetary rule of hiring people. The so-called n minus 1 rule. What Is this rule, it basically means that Microsoft is not hiring the needed metre of employees, instead they take aim less than needed. In this case, they are not pressured to fill up all the positions and educe make sure solo to hire the best and most fitted for the Job.All the employees are challenged with more charm to keep workstation and work performances high. Hire/ no hire carcass In Microsoft, the hiring process followed the strict hire or no hire establishment. The system works Like this. There are approximately 10 Interviewers for integrity employee and all of them feel measure out the candidate base on his creativity, problem solving skill and their in-person opinion. Then they are bound to give their vote of hire or no-hire. All the results come unneurotic and finally the coach-and-four oer the position, which to be filled, will decide on those results and his personal opinion over the candidate.Babbler says, if we are not 100% sure that we want this guy, we always dont hire. Hiring mediocre is far worse than hire the bad. Work environment Campus Work Place Since most people are recruited fresh from college education, most employees want comfortable and familiar. So he created his firm to look like a campus for fresh off college employees. The offices of the employees were all closed offices which you could decorate and personalize. Those reminded more of dormitories than of offices.A garden and a small pound in the middle of the campus for untenanted and creative thinking process were also included. Caffeine culture Microsoft spent a lot of bullion for mandated benefits for their employees. The k ey to this strategy is to bind the workers as long to their workplace as possible. So the average daytime of a Microsoft employee looked like this get up in the morning, drive to work, do many work, breakfast, do some more work, lunch, do more work, dinner, drive home sleep. The cafeteria was subsidized and basically everything with caffeine was for free to raise productivity.Feeling of a small company Bill Gates wanted to keep the feeling of his company the aforesaid(prenominal) one when they first founded Microsoft a small company. To ensure that, he splinted his firm into small divisions and even small workups. That way people felt more important of their job, not like some wheels in a big company. Development Personal mentoring To ensure competitiveness, Microsoft has developed a ladder system linked to their salaries. If work was accomplished in a satisfactory way, one could climb up the ladder without being promoted to management level.This system is especially fitting to Microsoft, since most newly recruited employees were high technically skilled programmer, that meant not everyone of those people was a good manager. Dont fire the learning When people at Microsoft fail at some projects, they wont have to fear being fired. Bill Gates says that it would be stupid to fire people who Just knowledgeable a lot from allures and give them away to other companies. Instead they even get promoted to other projects to hike them and motivate them to do better on this new project.Review and Reward SMART system. It was a evaluation system of the employees achievement based on his work results quantified in Specific, Measurable, attainable, result-based, and time-bound features. That way, comparison between coworkers was do possible. Evaluation system Everyone at Microsoft was evaluated twice a year. They were given a rating between one (poor) and 5 (outstanding) to evaluate their work. All employees had to evaluate homeless first before seeing their supervi ses and getting evaluated by them.That way it was made sure that everyone stayed on track and was getting permanently challenged. If an employee had no idea of what rating they were going to get, it meant that their manager did a poor Job. Options Last but not least, people were motivated with options on the firm. It not only meant, being rewarded for their present work but also meant to reward those in the futurity, to bind monetary rewards to the future performance of the firm, which is all dependent on the employees performances.

Comparing Two Perspectives of Management Essay

attention is the attainment of organisational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organising, prima(p) and controlling organisational resources (Samson & Daft, 2009, p. 12).In essence, the lowest outcome of perplexity is to achieve organisation goals and managers in various levels should achieve goals effectively and efficiently by intelligently utilizing financial, human and other resources in overhaul. The four skills which may assist managers to achieve these organisational goals are planning, organising, leading and controlling.Traditional vs. in advance(p) Perspectives The practice of management can go back as far as 3000 BC. It developed over thousands of years from Traditional style of management to Modern instantly. Traditional Perspectives Traditional Perspectives includes (Samson & Daft, 2009) 1.Classical Perspectives concentrates on making the organisations an efficient operating machine. 2.Humanistic Perspectives emphases discovering hum an behaviour, needs and attitudes in the workplace. It has taken more amity of behaviors, needs and attitudes as well as social interactions and group processes. *For the purpose of the report, I entrust not compute on each item menti bingled above.Use Human Resources Perspective as an example. It suggests that Jobs should be intentional to meet higher-level needs by allowing workers to use their full potential (Samson & Daft, 2009). This theory was initially supported by a dairy farm view and further illustrated by the Maslows hierarchy of needs and McGregor opening X & hypothesis Y.It is my understanding that the theory suggests people generally perform better if they are addicted full rein to their imagination and creativity. This, in details, means 1.People are given freedom to fulfill their coveted physiological, safety, love/belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization (Maslows Hierarchy) needs and wants. They may not be satisfied with all flipper of them, but fulfil lment in any of the above may somewhat increase productivity 2.Management assumes that employees screw workings and will seek responsibilities under working/learning process and does not believe in punishment to keep the employees in line. Instead, it believes that employees will exercise self-control if theyre committed (McGregors Theory Y).Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world leading automobile producers and its philosophy is the famous Toyota Way. The devil pillars are Wisdom and Kaizen (improvement) and respect for human nature (Saruta 2006). Without going into the full description of Toyota Way philosophy, we will mainly discuss one component as an example Improvement.The company motivates employees through a series of incentives, such as wage, on-job education, and progressive promotion. Hence it presents work as something interesting and worthwhile for workers self-motivation. In the Japanese operation, this philosophy helped the company achieved long working hour s and concentrated labour.Unfortunately it hasnt been working as successful in other countries. Does this mean the employees in other countries havent complete any of their interests? Managers must understand that employees will be motivated by unmet needs and that once a need is satisfied, it is no longer a motivator (Fisher 2009). There may be environmental factors the management did not consider. Cultural difference for instance may affect the speciality of this philosophy. Being in a country with a generous welfare system like Australia, peoples desire for a balanced work/social life style is much stronger than financial achievement. In this instance, Toyota management in other counties should realise the differences in workers needs and present other incentives accordingly.Modern Perspectives Modern Management Trend is developed to collaborate with the more complicated technologies, organisational environment and unforeseeable uncertainties in todays world. Modern Management Theories are focused on how individuals contribute to organisation and corporate movement while the performance of the chief executive is dictated by the organisations financial returns and shareholders expectations (Weymes 2004).The 3 major contemporary extensions of the perspectives (Samson & Daft, 2009) 1.System Theory 2.Contingency View 3.Total Quality Management. *For the purpose of the report, I will not elaborate on each item mentioned above.Use Contingency View as an example. This theory is an extension of the humane perspective in which the successful resolution of organisational problems is thought to depend on managements acknowledgement of delineate variables in the situation at hand (Samson & Daft, 2009). It believes there is no universal approach that working consistently in every situation. Management should always consider aspects within and outside the organisation and engage various concepts and techniques appropriately.Looking at this theory from a horizont al angle, Knootz (1981) has simplified it into ordinary words, there is learning and there is art, there is knowledge and there is practice. One does not need much experience to understand that a corner grocery store could hardly be organised like General Motors, or that the technical realities of petroleum exploration, production, and refining make impracticable autonomously organised product divisions for gasoline, jet fuel, or lubricating oils. divers(prenominal) organisations have different variables which determine the size of the company, the management hierarchy, the service procedure and so forth.Looking at it from a vertical angle, an organisation may have diversified subsystems and external affiliates. Todays managers cannot give in to ignore the uncertainties evolved around these elements. Grandori (1984) noted a decision maker needs to classify the state of distrust that characterises a decision situation, eliminate the strategies that are not viable in that situati on, and select a feasible strategy.To realise the contingency approach its potential as an effective construct for maintaining and improving managerial effectiveness in a hyper dynamic environment, its exploitation must proceed in a systematic corporate and directed manner (Luthans & Stewart, 1977).IKEA, as an example, is the worlds most successful mass-market retailer, reaching 33 countries and hosting 410 one thousand million shoppers a year the furniture is made by about 1,500 suppliers in more than 50 countries. Its signature feature is the flat packed product that customers assemble at home. To target the dramatic technology development in 21st century, the company introduced online shopping to address convenience and traceability. The company designs its own, and also broadens the product immingle into food and general living supplies (IKEA Company Profile, n.d.). Investment risks can be sufficiently minimised, and it is exceed described by the old adage never put all yo ur eggs in one basket.Traditionally, a showroom with a team of salesmen and delivery truck drivers is the focal point of a typical furniture retailer. Globalisation and widely spread use of internet will eventually overstretch them out of the market. IKEA tackled these issues from supply-chain, customer satisfaction and diversification of investment risks. It further demonstrates the contingency approach is used to mother IKEAs completive edge in all time. Although these strategies may not be suitable in 10 years time, contingency view will always exert management to evaluation situation at hand and make decision accordingly to sustain performance.Conclusion Generally speaking, the conventional perspectives of management extend to standardise a managerial approach across the board by analysing one particular scenario with a number of assumptions. However, the modern perspectives recognise the uncertainties in reality and take many aspects into consideration of their decision mak ing process.Contingency view is not a brand new theory that is completely different from the traditional perspectives. Whilst we are not suggesting the traditional perspectives are untrue, managers should be selective according to the situation at hand and use a combination of approaches to tackle from all angles.Management in the modern world is no longer a unitary practice it is an art. Continuous education and professional development can only offer the mandatory knowledge. Real life experience and rational conduct at time is the key to successful management.

Questions on Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Questions on Law - Assignment ExampleThe patrol ships military incumbent who witnessed their act together with his back up team issued citation for the suspects. The gang moved a doing for dismissal of their cases on the ground that their citations were issued by officers who lacked probable ca practice. Legal principle Prosecutions argument The case is based on the principle of probable cause for making an peg. below the principle, a law of nature officer can make a instanceless arrest, and citation, if there is a sufficient probable cause. A police officer can justify the move under probable cause in two circumstances. The officer must be able to explain the information that led to the assumption that the suspect was involved in a criminal act and the officers move must halt been based on the suspected cause (Bergman and Berman, 2011). The likely ruling In the cases of Maryland vs. Pringe, Ybarra v Illinois and the case of State v. Sokolow, it was held that the mien of an incriminating evidence and reasonable suspicion form ground for sufficient probable cause to arrest a suspect. It was further held, in the case of Alabama v. White, existence of probable cause is sufficient. The judge is and then likely to uphold the case due to sufficiency of probable cause that the officers had (Bergman and Berman, 2011), (Carmen, 2009), (Meeker, 2004).... The gang can use this principal to suppress the paper (Meeker, 2004). Prosecutions likely argument The law exempts the need for warrant before a hunt in cases where the searches are conterminously related to an arrest. In the case of conscientious objector v. Bertine, the courts held that searches of a someones possession are admissible if the search is done within the immediate scope of the arrest. The prosecution can thus argue that the retrieval of the paper was incident to the issuing of citations and therefore admissible (Carmen, 2009). The judges likely decision The judge is likely to uphold the e vidence. This is because the suspects were under the trust of the police and the case of Colorado v. Bertine would be more applicable (Carmen, 2009). Question 3 Search of Mas car Tony accepts citation and gets into Mas car. A police officer then asked to search Mas car and she sped off. Legal status of the search Ma was obliged to let the police officer search her car. Reason Search on motor vehicles are governed by the Fourth amendment. Under warrantless search and frisk, a motorist can be searched on two grounds. The motorist must have been reasonably suspected of association with a criminal act. A search is also called for if the police officer feels threatened. The basis of a motorists association with a criminal act was established in the case of Pennsylvania vs. Mimms in which it was held that there must be a legal ground for halt the car (Carmen, 2009). Persuading the court that the search was invalid A search, considered as a breach of a persons privacy, is valid if it is done legally. The general rule for warrantless searches is that they have to be done with free agree of the suspect